福建不同稻作类型稻瘟病菌生理小种研究

１９９２—１９９４年应用我国统一的７个鉴别品种，鉴定了１９９２年采集分离的早、中、晚稻不同稻作类型共２２６个有效单孢菌株，区分为７群３４个生理小种，其中ＺＢ群为优势小种群，ＺＢ１５为优势小种．鉴定结果表明，早、中、晚稻稻瘟病菌生理小种存在着差异，早稻ＺＢ１５为优势小种，中稻ＺＢ１为优势小种，晚稻ＺＣ１５为优势小种．     

Long-Term Effects of Fertilizers on the Soil Fertility and Productivity of a Rice–Wheat System

Rice–wheat cropping system to which graded levels of NPK fertilizers had been applied for 20 years were compared for yield trends, and changes in response function, soil organic-C and available N, P, K and S status. This study of system in which only chemical fertilizers had been used over a long period enabled long-term yield declines of rice and wheat at different levels and combinations of NPK fertilizers to be evaluated. The highest rate of yield decline in both rice and wheat was found when 120 kg ha⁻¹ N was applied alone. The lowest rate of decline was observed when all three nutrients (N, P and K) were applied, at 40, 35 and 33 kg ha⁻¹ for N, P and K, respectively, followed by 120, 35 and 33 kg ha⁻¹ (currently recommended levels). The yield response of rice and wheat to N fertilizer declined over the 20 years, with a higher rate of decline in wheat. In contrast, the response to applied P and K increased with time in both crops, with a higher response rate in wheat. With continuous application of N and P fertilizers, there was a marginal change in available N and K in the soil over time, but an approximately 3-fold increase in available P and an approximately 2-fold increase in available S were obtained by regular dressing of P fertilizer (SSP: 7 % P, 12 % S) over 20 years. The results revealed that balanced, high doses of NPK fertilizers are required to maintain soil fertility and raise grain yields.     

Effects of Tillage and Cropping Systems on Soil Moisture Balance and Pearl Millet Yield

A 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage and cropping systems on soil moisture balance, growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.). Three tillage treatments, viz. minimum tillage (one harrowing), conventional tillage (two harrowing, cross) and deep tillage (ploughing followed by two har-rowings), and four cropping systems, viz. monoculture of pearl millet, pearl miliet-clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetra-gonoloba (L.) Taub.) rotation, monoculture of pearl millet with 5 t ha⁻¹ farm yard manure (FYM), and intercropping of pearl millet and clusterbean, were compared. Deep tillage improved the soil moisture storage, water use efficiency and grain yield of pearl millet while consumptive use of water was higher with minimum tillage. Total dry matter yield with deep tillage and conventional tillage was 23.2 and 10.2% higher than minimum tillage in the season 1, and the corresponding values for season 2 were 30.7 and 13.3%. The Pearl millct-clusterbean rotation and monoculture of pearl millet with the application of 5 t ha⁻¹ FYM gave 17.2 and 6.1% higher yield than monoculture of pearl millet, respectively. Maximum water use efficiency was observed in rotation followed by FYM application.     

Predator–prey size relationship in siphon cropping between the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea

ABSTRACT:   The purpose of the present paper was to examine the size relationship between the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea , the siphon of which is important prey for the juvenile flounder. Juvenile stone flounder feed mainly on tips of the inhalant siphon of the bivalve. The maximum width of siphon tips in the stomach contents of age-0 fish could not reach that of age-1 fish, although the siphons in age-0 fish became larger as they grew. This size discrepancy indicated a limitation in the size of bivalves available to juveniles. The proportion of total cropping frequency for the siphon of the bivalve by juveniles was estimated according to the bivalve size class. Most bivalves that had cropped siphon tips ranged from 5 to 30 mm in shell length. The total cropping frequency per bivalve was particularly intense on bivalves of 10–25 mm shell length in spite of their small proportion of 24.9% of the total. This frequency intensity indicated that the size of bivalves with cropped siphons by juvenile stone flounder might depend on the ability of juveniles rather than the size composition of the bivalves.     

间套作条件下作物根系数量与活性的空间分布及变化规律研究 Ⅱ.间作早春玉米根系数量与活性的空间分布及变化规律

本文在冬小麦‖早春玉米 /夏玉米条件下 ,研究了麦田间作地膜覆盖早春播种玉米 (简称早春玉米 )根系数量与活性的空间分布及变化规律 ,主要结果 :(1)间作地膜覆盖早春玉米拔节期根深 10 0cm左右 ,大口期 140 cm左右 ,乳熟期达到最大根深 160 cm左右。 (2 )随生育进程推进 ,根量与根重密度基本呈小→大→小变化 ;根系数量及重量密度在垂直土体中呈“T”型分布 ,0～ 2 0 cm为高密度层 ,2 0～ 4 0、 4 0～ 80 cm为中密度层 ,80～ 12 0 cm为低密度层 ,12 0～ 160 cm为稀密度层。根系相对稳定后 ,约有 75 %的根干重分布在 0～ 2 0 cm土层 ,85 %左右在 4 0 cm以上 ,95 %左右在 80 cm以上。 (3)根系含水率在垂直空间呈上低下高趋势 ,随生育期推进 ,含水率呈下降趋势。 (4 )根系活性与根量相反呈倒“T”型分布 ,根系活性随生育进程推进 ,呈减低趋势 ,且活力高位点又呈下移变化 ,拔节期 2 0～ 4 0cm根系活性较高 ,大口期 4 0 cm以下较高 ,乳熟期和成熟期以 80 cm以下较高。 (5 )根系 TTC还原总量及总量密度随生育进程推进呈低→高→低变化 ,以大口期为高。上下又呈“T”型分布 ,0～ 2 0 cm为高量高密度区 ,2 0～ 80 cm为中量中密度区 ,80～ 12 0 cm为低量低密度区 ,12 0～ 160 cm为稀量稀密度区。 (6)成熟期 2 0     

上苑乡的农业生产现状与农业技术改造的途径

在对昌平县上苑乡进行全面调查的基础上,本文介绍了上苑乡的自然资源与社会经济资源概况,并从当前生产实际情况出发,提出对上苑乡农业生产结构和耕作制度调整的意见.     

Comparison of water manometry to 2 commercial electronic pressure monitors for central venous pressure measurement in horses

Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) customarily has been measured in veterinary patients with water manometry. However, many institutions are now using stallside electronic monitors in both anesthesia and intensive care units for many aspects of patient monitoring. Hypothesis: Electronic stall side monitoring devices will agree with water manometry for measurement of CVP in horses. Animals: Ten healthy adult horses from the university research herd. Methods: Central venous catheters were placed routinely, and measurements were obtained in triplicate with each of the 3 methods every 12 hours for 3 days. Data were analyzed by a Lin concordance correlation coefficient and modified Bland‐Altman limits of agreement, with all devices compared pairwise. Results: Compared with water manometry, agreement (bias) of the Passport was ?1.94 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?8.54 to 4.66 cmH₂O) and of the Medtronic was ?1.83 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?8.60 to 4.94 cmH₂O). When compared with the Passport, agreement of the data obtained with the Medtronic was 0.27 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?4.39 to 4.93 cmH₂O). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These data show that both electronic monitors systematically provide measurements that are approximately 2 cmH₂O lower than water manometry, but differences between the 2 electronic devices are small enough (< 0.5 cmH₂O) to be considered clinically unimportant. This discrepancy should be taken into account when interpreting data obtained with these monitoring devices.     

作物轮作复种模式综合评价的AHP模型设计与应用

应用层次分析法构建了作物轮作复种模式综合评价的ＡＨＰ模型，对参试的２１个轮作复种模式的综合生产效益进行了评价，在评价分析的基础上，进而对２１个轮作复种模式按综合生产效益水平进行聚类与优选，筛选出了在试验条件下综合生产效益优势较明显的若干优化作物组合模式。     

冷凉生态区覆盖油菜间作制的调查分析

在冷凉山区生态环境中，油菜是油料作物的传统作物，但由于越冬死苗问题，致使油菜生产长时期地效益不大。为此，我们对冷凉生态区油菜覆盖间作制进行了试验、观察和调查。目前由于一些地区采用了这一栽培措施，已取得了一定经济效益，值得同类地区推广试用。     

放牧生态系统中的组织物质循环及其在牧场管理中的应用

综述了组织物质循环的理论及其在牧场管理中的应用。放牧过程中牧地草丛内的物流和能流循环是维持放牧生态系统平衡的重要基础,进行牧地草丛中植物组织循环,特别是其生长和萎蔫死亡的动态分析,为草地的有效利用提供了理论依据。文中对于牧地草丛内及刈牧过程中的组织物质循环,连续放牧及间断放牧条件下的组织物质循环进行了重点分析论述。建议在中国各类型草地上应用组织物质循环理论开展放牧管理研究,以推动草地管理理论和实践的发展。